Author(s):

Chandan Kumar Singh, Md. Nizamuddin Ansari, Nidhi Kumari and M Naseem

Abstract: The wild relatives of crop plants constitute a pool of genetic diversity which is invaluable for breeding programme. The existence of these wild plants are in danger due to induction of new cultivars and other environmental hazards. There is urgent need of for germplasm conservation and germplasm improvement of this plant beside mass propagation. Keeping these objectives into consideration, tissue culture studies of Solanum torvum, a wild relatives of eggplant were being undertaken to develop protocol for in vitro mass propagation and conservation. Regeneration of shoots and callus was obtained using sterilized segments of node (8-10mm), internode (10-15mm) and shoot-tip (8-10mm) of Solanum torvum (about 2 years old). These explants were cultured on MS (Murashige & Skoog’s, 1962) medium containing 0.8% agar, 3% sucrose and different combination and concentration of NAA/2,4-D and Kinetin (Kn) to obtain regenerants/plantlets and callus differentiation. Techniques were used for shoot regeneration directly from node and shoot-tip explants as well as from callus. Shoot regeneration was best achieved on 3mgl-1 Kn in nodal and shoot-tip cultures. Callus mediated shoot regeneration was promising in the culture and was obtained on 2mgl-1 NAA and 4mgl-1 Kn on sub-culture. 2,4-D alone or 2,4-D+Kn resulted in callus differentiation from explants. Callus in general was white/greenish- white, compact, hydrated and crystalline in appearance. Callus was maintained for about 2 years on 1mgl-1 NAA & 1 mgl-1 Kn on regular sub-culture after 25 days. Callus turned brown on higher concentration (10mgl-1) of auxin and Kn on sub-culture. Rooting of microshoots (about 5cm) was obtained on RM (½ MS Salts) containing 1mgl-1 NAA & 2 mgl-1 IBA. Plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and they survived well in nature. Explants taken during December to May were most regenerative. Plantlets obtained through in vitro were morphologically identical to parent plants. Nodal explants were superior to other explants (internode, Shoot-tip) with respect to shoot regeneration, where as internodal explants was superior for callogenesis.

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