Idris Aliyu Kankara, Ibrahim Abdullahi and Gayus Aminu Paulina

Ethnomedicinal plant extracts and their isolates have demonstrated significant inhibitory effect against various snake venom PLA₂s enzymes activities and therefore can be used as an alternative against snake envenomation. Different phytochemicals capable of inhibiting PLA₂s from different snake venoms have been isolated, these include Ikshusterol-3-O-glucoside, Betulin and Betulinic acid, Ar tumerone, 12-methoxy-4-methylvoachalotine, aristolochic acid, luteolin, kaempferol, isoquercitin, rutin, ellagic acid, gallic acid quinic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, propylgallate, epigallocatechin gallate, 4-nerolidylcatechol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, 7-methoxy-coumarin, 6,7- methylenedioxy-coumarin, umbelliferone and tannic acid. These phytochemicals might provide a cheaper and new strategy for the development of new pharmaceutical drugs and alternative approaches for the treatment of snake envenomation. This review, presents a compilation of important phytochemicals that are effective against snake venom PLA₂s activity due to their neutralization effect.

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