Author(s):

Hussein ME, El Senousy AS, El-Askary HI, Mouneir SM and El-Fishawy AM

Abstract: In this study, the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of chemically characterized defatted ethanolic extract (DEE) and mucilage (ML) of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (roselle) leaves, were evaluated. Seven compounds were isolated and identified, as daucosterol (1), rutin (2), isoquercetrin (3), kaempferol (4), quercetin (5), caffeic (6) and neochlorogenic (7) acids, based on their spectral data. This is the first report on the isolation of these compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. leaves, except for rutin. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated as 120.13 ± 0.27 μg GAE and 72.33 ± 0.061μg QE /mg DEE, respectively using spectrophotometric methods. HPLC fingerprint analysis of DEE and its ethyl acetate fraction was carried out. ML hydrolysate was analyzed using HPLC. DEE (50 μg/ml) possessed significant stimulatory effect on lymphocytes using MTT assay, while ML revealed inhibitory proliferative effects at different concentrations (10, 20, 50 μg/ml). Both possessed anti-inflammatory activities via inhibition of COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes, compared to celecoxib and meclofenamate sodium, respectively. However, DEE exhibited more selective inhibition of COX-2 as well as more potent 5-LOX inhibitory activities, compared to ML. DEE (200, 400 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema, revealing maximum inhibition (65.71%) at 400 mg/kg, after 6 hr, compared to indomethacin (78.57%). These findings highlight the beneficial effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. leaves on immune response and inflammation, encouraging further investigation of this underutilized part.

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