Author(s):

Shweta Rajoriya, Nandhakumar P, Karthik KV, Ajay Kumar, Mohini Saini and Meena Kataria

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women in the world today. Invasiveness or migration through the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental property of malignant cancer cells. It has been shown that elevated expression of different MMPs is associated with different metastatic stages in the invasion and progression of tumors. MMPs are differentially expressed and their expressions are often associated with a poor prognosis for patients. Most of the chemotherapeutic agents that are currently used to treat this complex disease are highly toxic with long-term side effects. Therefore, novel generation of anti-cancer drugs with higher efficiency and specificity are urgently needed. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is an aromatic phenylpropanoid phenol contained in clove (Syzygium aromaticum, Myrtaceae), which is traditional medicine as an antiseptic, analgesic or antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiporliferative. In present study, triple-negative breast cancer cell (TNBC) line, MDA-MB-231 was used to investigate the effect of eugenol on mRNA expression of metastatic MMPs. Eugenol showed dose-dependent cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB-231 cell lines with 2.89 mM IC₅₀ value after 48 hrs incubation. On the bais of our results eugenol was found nontoxic to RBCs MDA-MB-231 cells cultured and treated with different concentrations of eugenol (1, 5 and 15 uM). Total RNA was extracted from eugenol treated cells and untreated cells to study the effect on mRNA expression levels of MMP 1, 3, 7, 9 and 11 by RT-PCR. The results indicate that mRNA expressions of MMP-1, -3, -7, -9 and -11 were downregulated in eugenol treated cells as compared to untreated cells. Scratch-wound healing assay showed significant inhibition of cell migration at 25 uM and suppressing metastasis of MDA MB-231 cells. Therefore, we suggest that eugenol may be inhibiting of metastasis of human breast cancer by downregulating MMPs.

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