Author(s):
Om Prakash, Shankarlingam Gomathinayagam, Tirunelveli Jeyagopal Harikrishnan, Muthusamy Raman, Velayudham Pandiyan, Samapika Sahoo and Namita Shukla
Abstract:
In vitro study was conducted for overcoming of P-glycoprotein mediated benzimidazole resistance in
Haemonchus contortus of sheep and goats.
In Vitro egg hatch assay (EHA) was carried out to assess the P-glycoprotein associated benzimidazole resistance and it’s overcome with verapamil, loperamide and flavinoids (quercetin, kaempferol, Phloretin and curcumin) in
Haemonchus contortus. In EHA, benzimidazole resistant with a mean ED
50 of 0.247 μg/ml and ED
50 0.070 μg/ml in susceptible populations of
H. contortus were recorded. Resistance factor was 3.5.
In vitro overcoming of benzimidazole resistance in
H. contortus with co-incubation of thiabendazole and identified plant flavinoids /chemicals were carried out. The reversal/overcoming of thiabendazole resistance was observed with the highest concentration of different chemical and plant flavinoids with reduced ED
50 values 0.02; 0.024; 0.03; 0.041; 0.052 and 0.064 μg/ml for verapamil, loperamide, quercetin, kaempferol, Phloretin and curcumin respectively. This result indicates the capacity of these compounds to reverse/overcome the benzimidazole resistance. The data obtained in laboratory studies using
in vitro tests need to be confirmed with
in vivo trials performed under field conditions.
Om Prakash, Shankarlingam Gomathinayagam, Tirunelveli Jeyagopal Harikrishnan, Muthusamy Raman, Velayudham Pandiyan, Samapika Sahoo and Namita Shukla. Overcoming of p-glycoprotein-mediated benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus of small ruminants with flavinoids, verapamil and loperamide. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019;8(3):4004-4008.