Author(s):

Umesh Hiremath, Channakeshava BC and Bhanuprakash K

Abstract: Cluster bean or guar is important cash crop in rain-fed, especially in semi-arid and arid regions of India. India alone contributes more than 80% of global guar production followed by 15% in Pakistan. Its cultivation in India is concentrated in northwestern states namely Rajasthan, Haryana, and Gujarat. Guar is a natural source of nano-particles of hydrocolloids (substance that forms thick solution at low concentration with water). Adequate characterization is necessary to facilitate utilization of genotypes in crop improvement and to distinguish a variety from all other varieties. In addition, seed certification, which forms a link between variety registration and seed production, involves an assessment of both varietal identity and purity to assure the quality of seed marketed to farmer or grower. Finally, the ultimate consumers of the harvested seed also often need to be certain that they are purchasing the correct variety particularly. The present study attempts to characterize cluster bean genotypes based on biochemical markers viz. protein and esterase. The results of the electrophoretic banding pattern of the protein profile suggested that the specific genotype could be differentiated by either based on the position or intensity of bands. But not on the numbers as some of the genotypes expressed similar number of bands. In the genotypes having same number of bands, the location and intensity of bands varied, this is useful for clear differentiation of the cluster bean genotypes. Based on the zymograms of total soluble proteins, Region D (29.0 to 43.0 KD), E (20.0 to 29.0 KD), F (14.3 to 29.0 KD) and G (< 14.3 KD) were found more useful to distinguish most of the genotypes studied, as the banding pattern was distinct for each genotype in these regions. A total number of 5 bands were noticed among the 20 tested genotypes in the zymogram of esterase. The difference in number of bands, position and intensity in esterase zymogram has been considered to distinguish genotypes for characterization. From these results it is clear that there is enough variation in protein and esterase isozyme profile among genotypes and could be considered as a tool for genotype identification and screening for various traits.

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