Author(s):

Shruthi VH, Sharanagouda Hiregoudar, Udaykumar Nidoni, Ramachandra CT and Kisan Jhadav

Abstract: As the world population continues to grow, the demand for human food and animal feed grows exponentially. Corn flour fortified with rice bran and pigeon pea brokens was extruded using a twin-screw extruder. Blends were prepared with three levels of feed composition (92:4:4, 94:3:3 and 96:2:2; corn: rice barn: pigeonpea broken), feed moisture (15, 17.5 and 20%) and extrusion condition three-barrel temperatures (110, 120, and 130 °C). The extruded products were evaluated for their physical properties like expansion ratio, moisture retention, bulk density, mass flow rate, specific mechanical energy, colour value (L^* value). A Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology was used to evaluate the significance of independent and interaction effects of extrusion process variables. The independent variables had significant (p≤0.05) effects on physical properties of extrudates. The optimized condition for the preparation of corn based extruded product was found to be 130 °C temperature, 20 % of feed moisture and 92:4:4 feed composition at constant screw speed of 350 rpm. The optimized extrusion processing parameters showed higher value of expansion ratio (3.21), mass flow rate (4.01 g/s) and L^* value (65.42), and minimum values of bulk density (0.13 g/cc), moisture retention (24.55%) and specific mechanical energy (25.29 kJ/kg). As per the design expert software the selected optimized process condition was found to be desirability of 0.698.

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