Author(s):

Kaushik D, Sharma RK and Sharma S

Abstract: Cypermethrin [cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl] 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate), second generation, type-II, pyrethroid insecticide having cyano group which has broad spectrum uses in agricultural sector. Present study aimed to investigate biochemical and histological changes induced by cypermethrin and protective effect of vitamin C in embryonic brain of developing chick of Gallus domestius. Fertilized eggs were divided into four groups having 30 eggs each. Group A: served as control, Group B: as vehicle which was administered with distilled water by immersion method, Group C: treatment group; was treated with 25 mg/ml of cypermethrin via immersion method and Group D: recovery group; supplemented with 25 mg/ml of cypermethrin along with 100 mg of vitamin C by air sac method. At embryonic day 0 (ED 0), all the groups treated with requisite doses for 60 minutes. Eggs were recovered and cerebellum was excised and further processed for biochemical and histological changes on embryonic day 16 (ED 16). The results of present study showed cypermethrin induced alterations in the general histology of cerebellum region of developing brain. Cypermethrin adversely affect different layers of cerebellum. Vacuolization was observed in the neurons of outer molecular layer, the middle layer of Purkinje cells showed devastating effects both on the nucleus and cytoplasm. Sign of pyknosis was observed in the nucleus of Purkinje cells whereas cytoplasm was found to be vacuolated. Innermost granular layer showed patchy loss of neurons. The results of light microscopy studies were further strengthened by biochemical studies. Several biochemical alterations were recorded in cypermethrin exposed developing brain. Cypermethrin treatment cause a decrease in protein content by 29.4% as compared to control group. The brain antioxidant marker enzymes such SOD, catalase and GSH were found to be decreased in treatment group as compared to control group and recovery group. The decreasing percentage of SOD, catalase, GSH was 35.75%, 39.16% and 37.43% respectively as compared to vitamin C protected group where estimated decreasing percentage was only 24.6%, 20.75%, 18% respectively. The MDA level was also increased to 115% as compared to vitamin C supplemented group where MDA level was increase to just 58.9%. Acetylcholinesterase, is a key marker enzyme which help in depicting toxicity level of xenobiotics. In the present study, the level of acetylcholinesterase enzyme was decreased to 62.15% as compared to control and vitamin C recovery group where estimated activity of this enzyme only decreased by 39.06% as compared to control group.

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