Author(s):

B Jalandhar Ram, G Suresh Babu, ON Singh, G Roopa Lavanya and K Madhu Kumar

Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa, 2n = 24) is one of the world’s most important staple cereal food crop growing in at least 114 countries under diverse conditions. Rice is not only the staple food for more than 70 per cent of the Indians but also a source of livelihood for millions of rural households. Globally it is cultivated in an area of 161.8 m ha with an annual production of about 748.0 million tones and an average productivity of 4.6 t ha -1 .Among the rice producing countries India ranks first in the world in area of rice cultivation with44.2 mha and second in production with 104.32 million tons. Heterosis and combining ability are thus, excellent tools which help discern the goal and direction in a breeding programme. In plant breeding programme, exploitation of heterosis is vital and considered to be one of the greatest outstanding achievements. Heterosis is an universal phenomenon and exploitation of heterosis is a quick and convenient way of combining desirable characters and hence assumes greater significance in the development of hybrids. The interaction due to lines x testers were significant for all the traits studied except panicle length. Interaction effects of Parents vs. crosses were significant for all the characters, except flag leaf length. High heterosis over Jaya and IR 64 was shown by the four hybrids NLR 34449 x SHIATS Dhan1 (20.58% and 13.74%) followed by Sahabhagi dhan x SHIATS Dhan1 (16.62% and 9.82%), BPT 2615 x NDR 359 (14.58% and 8.09 %) and MTU 1010 x BM 71 (13.63% and 7.19 %).these hybrids can be be used for exploitation of heterosis for yield and its components traits in rice.

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