Author(s):

Syed Mazahir Hussain, Khursheed Hussain, Syeda Farwah, Seerat Rizvi, Majid Rashid, Sana Saleem, Najmah Andrabi and Haroon Rashid

Abstract: Male sterility in vegetables is a never-ending process due to rapid advancement in molecular techniques and their implementation. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of male sterility in selected vegetable crops. On a global level, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and cytoplasmic genetic male sterility (CGMS) are the most widely utilized in the majority of vegetables. In India vegetable hybrids based on CMS and CGMS system have been limited. In India, genetic male sterility (GMS) has been exploited commercially only in the cases of chilli and muskmelon to develop F₁ hybrid seed commercially. Sher-e- Kashmir University of agricultural science and technology (SKUAST), Kashmir, India has released two tomato hybrids (Shalimar tomato hybrid-1 and Shalimar tomato hybrid-2) based on the male sterility system. Similarly in tomato, work on GMS lines is in progress at PAU. The CGMS system has been commercially exploited in chilli, onion and carrot. In the recent past, chilli CGMS lines were introduced at the Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR) from AVRDC, which are utilized directly or indirectly to produce CMS-based hybrids, i.e Kashi Surkh (CCH-2) and Kashi Early (CCH-3). The Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, India has also released chilli hybrids based on the CGMS system, i.e. Arka Meghna (MSH-172), MSH-149 and MSH-96. In carrot, the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) regional station, Katrain (HP), India has developed one hybrid, ‘Pusa Nayanjyoti’, which is based on petaloid CGMS. In the tropical group of carrot, IARI, New Delhi India has also reported CGMS system in different genetic back- grounds and evaluation of different hybrid combinations is in progress. In onion, IIHR, Bangalore has released two hybrids based on the CGMS system, i.e. Arka Kirtiman and Arka Lalima, and IARI, New Delhi has developed two hybrids in onion (Hybrid-63 and Hybrid-35) which are based on the same system. The CMS system has been commercially exploited in cabbage, cauliflower and onion.

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