Author(s):

Raihanatul Anwar, Syeda Rabeya Sultana, Shakhawat Hossen and Md. Rabiul Hossain Chowdhury

Abstract: Crude ethanolic extract of Sterculia villosa Roxb. were investigated to determine different medicinal activity to assure this plant as a new source of lead compounds. Preliminary phytochemical screenings with the crude extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, aldehyde and reducing sugars. Based on phytochemical analysis, we performed in vitro anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and thrombolytic investigation in our study. In case of anti-diabetic study, plant extract showed dose depended significant (p < 0.001) hypoglycemic action at 0.9 mg/ml,1.1mg/ml1.3mg/ml and 1.5mg/ml dose where dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) method was adopted to estimate α-amylase inhibition. Stabilization of human red blood cell membrane by hypo tonicity induced membrane lysis was taken as a measure of the anti-inflammatory activity and extract showed maximum 35.99% protection where standard drug diclofenac displayed 47.42% protection in 1000µg/ml dose. In antioxidant investigation, plant extract showed minor antioxidant property in DPPH radical scavenging activity where IC₅₀ value was 211mg. In case of cytotoxicity study, In Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay, ethanolic extract of Sterculia villosa showed LC₅₀ 0.639 µg/ml And LC₉₀ 2.926 µg/ml. The mean percent clot lytic activity of plant extract was found 15.36%, 5.61% and 6.46% respectively for 1000µg/ml, 500µg/ml and negative control which revealed that the extract is pharmacologically active for thrombolytic action. The results of our exploration disclosed that ethanolic extract of Sterculia villosa possess significant antidiabetic, anti- inflammatory, cytotoxic and thrombolytic action although extract showed minor antioxidant specialty in our method. Further study is suggested to uncover mechanism of those actions as well as different method is suggested to ensure its antioxidant activity.

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