Author(s):

Dr. Sujit Kumar

Abstract: Agriculture is a primitive science as well as art being practiced over the globe since unmemorable time. Agriculture sector is facing intolerable population pressure due to its exponential growth and additive growth in agriculture production. It resulted continuous increase in inputs to achieve more and more yield due to which great ecological imbalance and diminishing return have been realised after green revolution. In spite of various positive all efforts production was enhanced significantly but long term effect was deterioration of soil health, nutritional security problems and problem of marketability. Slowly and slowly share of agriculture in gross domestic produce (GDP) was also reduced. In the history of India, there was an year of dissatisfaction for agricultural development in 2002-03 where contribution of agriculture in GDP became negative. Whereas, during 2008-09 it was maximum i.e. near to 4% against 10% from non-agricultural sector. In Indian scenario as per census of 1980-81 only 66.4% share of marginal farmers were prevailing whereas, as per senses of 201-11 this figure enhanced up to 67%. It means land holding size is decreasing very fast in one hand whereas, number of holding increasing in another hand confirming that there is no scope for horizontal expansion in agriculture and the vertical enhancement is the only way out. It is clear that agriculture is becoming non-profitable venture which insisted youth from villages to move towards cities in search of employment. Agriculture is presently not a means of sustainability of life but it has to produce more from less and high value commodities therefore, mandate of agriculture needs to be redefined in modern era resulting food and nutritional security along with sustainability, expanding upon the production exponentially. Various strategies has been proposed as per the vision of govt. of India including per drop more crop, improving seed replacement rate, distribution of soil health card, large investment in ware housing and cold chain, facilitation of processing and value addition industry, creation of national agriculture market, removing distortions and e-platforms, various crop insurance schemes like 'Pradhanmatri Fasal Bima Yojna' with minimum premium and maximum security, promotion of ancillary activities like poultry, sericulture, bee-keeping and fisheries. Policy supports in recent cost revealed that growth rate in annual income of agriculture is only 3.9 % whereas, the maximum growth rate was achieved in livestock sector i.e. 14.9% as compared to cultivation including horticulture i.e. only 4.3%. Therefore, a balanced harmony among all sectors are necessary in the form of farming system module to double the farmers' income in our country.

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